Bovine Mucosal Vaccines: Challenges and Opportunities
Paola Elizalde and Philip J. Griebel
from: Veterinary Vaccines: Current Innovations and Future Trends (Edited by: Laurel J. Gershwin and Amelia R. Woolums). Caister Academic Press, U.K. (2020) Pages: 61-106.
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines have been used in cattle for almost 50 years with intranasal and oral delivery being primary routes of vaccine delivery. There is increasing interest in the use of mucosal vaccination in cattle for several reasons. In newborn calves, intranasal vaccines provide a strategy to reduce vaccine interference by maternal antibody and enhance disease protection as maternal antibody wanes. Mucosal vaccines also offer an advantage in controlling both clinical disease and reducing transmission of mucosal pathogens. As our understanding of mucosal immunity improves, mucosal vaccines may offer opportunities to activate both innate and adaptive mucosal effector cells and improve control of mucosal infections while maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and vital mucosal functions. Furthermore, a greater understanding of host-microbiome interactions may inform vaccine strategies to control opportunistic pathogens residing within the commensal microbiome. Unique aspects of the bovine mucosal immune system are considered within the context of vaccination and the limitations and potential benefits of mucosal vaccines and vaccine delivery systems are discussed. Finally, the potential for new vaccine delivery vehicles and vaccination strategies to improve mucosa vaccine efficacy are discussed within the context of opportunities to address current infectious disease challenges in cattle read more ...
