The Epigenetics of Centromere Function
Justyne E. Ross, Shannon M. McNulty and Beth A. Sullivan
from: Epigenetics: Current Research and Emerging Trends (Edited by: Brian P. Chadwick). Caister Academic Press, U.K. (2015) Pages: 133-166.
Abstract
The centromere is a complex chromosomal locus where the kinetochore is formed and microtubules attach during cell division. Centromere specification in eukaryotes largely depends on sequence-independent (epigenetic) mechanisms. In this chapter, we discuss current understanding of the epigenetic basis for centromere structure and function. In addition to endogenous centromeres in model organisms and humans, we review studies of atypical centromeres (neocentromeres, artificial chromosomes, dicentric chromosomes, engineered chromosomes) that have contributed to the current molecular understanding of centromere function. In particular, we focus on the behavior and regulation of the centromeric histone variant CENP-A, chromatin modifications, and transcription in centromere establishment and maintenance. Over the past three decades, our view of centromere biology has expanded significantly from the initial characterization of centromere proteins to a more mature understanding of the DNA, RNA, and protein components that constitute this complex chromosomal locus read more ...
