Molecular Biology Blog: The blog for research scientists and advanced students

Electrospinning Nanofibers for Water Treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 14:06:00 +0000

Electrospinning is a highly versatile technique that can be used to create ultrafine fibres of various polymers and other materials, with diameters ranging from a few micrometers down to tens of nanometres. The nonwoven webs of fibers formed through this process typically have high specific surface areas, nano-scale pore sizes, high and controllable porosity and extreme flexibility with regard to the materials used and modification of the surface chemistry of the fibres. A combination of these features is utilized in the application of electrospun nanofibres to a variety of water treatment applications, including filtration, solid phase extraction and reactive membranes read more ...

References:

Reverse Osmosis

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 14:06:00 +0000

The membrane separation technologies of reverse osmosis (hyperfiltration) and nanofiltration are important in water treatment applications. Reverse osmosis is based on the basic principle of osmotic pressure, while nanofiltration makes use of molecule size for separation. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology are opening a range of possibilities in membrane technologies. These include: new membrane preparation and cleaning methods, new surface and interior modification possibilities, the use of new nanostructured materials, and new characterization techniques read more ...

References:

Nanofiltration for Water and Wastewater Treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 14:05:00 +0000

Nanofiltration is a new type of pressure driven membrane process and used between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration membranes. The most different speciality of nanofiltration membranes is the higher rejection of multivalent ions than monovalent ions. Nanofiltration membranes are used in softening water, brackish water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment and reuse, product separation in the industry, salt recovery and recently desalination as two pass nanofiltration system read more ...

References:

Nanofibers and Nanobiocides in Water Purification

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 14:02:00 +0000

Electrospun nanofibers and nanobiocides show potential in the improvement of water filtration membranes. Biofouling of membranes caused by the bacterial load in water reduces the quality of drinking water and has become a major problem. Several studies showed inhibition of these bacteria after exposure to nanofibers with functionalized surfaces. Nanobiocides such as metal nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials are successfully incorporated into nanofibers showing high antimicrobial activity and stability in water read more ...

from Nanotechnology in Water Treatment Applications by Cloete, TE et al. (2010)

References:

Siderophores

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 13:34:00 +0000

In the early days of life on earth due to the emergence of photosynthesis, the atmosphere became oxidative and so iron prevailed in its trivalent form. The consequence was that most microorganisms live today in a surrounding where the concentration of soluble iron compounds is much too low to satisfy their physiological needs. One of the possibilities to circumvent this problem is the production of so-called siderophores, compounds which can form water soluble complexes with Fe³⁺. They are released in situations of iron deficiency. Fe³⁺ possesses six coordination sites arranged in the shape of an octahedron which can accommodate three bidentate ligands. The major ligand types are catecholates, hydroxamates and alpha-hydroxycarboxylates, in the ideal case connected by adequate spacers which keep them in the correct position. Many siderophores have elaborate structures which can bind to the cell surface of the producing species. In this way pirating by competing microorganisms is rendered more difficult.

Further reading: Iron Uptake and Homeostasis in Microorganisms

Book review: Lab-on-a-Chip Technology

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 12:03:00 +0000

Lab-on-a-Chip Technology
Publisher: Caister Academic Press
Editor: Keith E. Herold and Avraham Rasooly
Publication date: 2009
ISBN: 978-1-904455-46-2 (Volume 1)
ISBN: 978-1-904455-47-9 (Volume 2)

"a comprehensive view on state of the art LOC technologies ... Overall the double volume represents a comprehensive and felicitous compendium of lab-on-a-chip technologies and applications not only for the beginner going to get started development experimentally in a fast growing and innovative technology. But also the skilled specialist staying in the commercial arena might find a hugely satisfying compilation of state of the art LOC technologies and new ideas for sure. ... All in all 'Lab-on-a-Chip Technology' is a very useful reading for everyone who is interested in development and production of LOC devices" read more ...

from Rolf G. Werner in Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research (2009) 59: 672-673.

Further reading: Lab-on-a-Chip Technology

Molecular Phylogeny

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 15:57:00 +0000

The technological innovation of modern molecular biology and the rapid advancement in computational science have led to a flood of nucleic acid sequence information, bioinformatic tools and phylogenetic inference methods. Phylogenetic analysis has long played a central role in microbiology and the emerging fields of comparative genomics and phylogenomics require substantial knowledge and understanding of phylogenetic analysis and computational methods.

A new book on Molecular Phylogeny explores current concepts in molecular phylogeny and their application with respect to microorganisms.

Further reading: Molecular Phylogeny of Microorganisms

Select Biosciences Conferences

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 16:08:00 +0000

A wide range of conferences for 2010 is offered by Select Biosciences

Topics include Stem Cells, Synthetic Biology, RNAi and miRNA, Genomics, Lab-on-a-Chip, Microarray Technology, qPCR, Single Cell Analysis, Biodetection, and much more. For a full list of these conferences see: Select Biosciences Conferences

p53-based Anti-cancer Therapies

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 13:43:00 +0000

Since its discovery in 1979, p53 has become the focus of intensive cancer-based research in laboratories around the world. The p53 protein mediates critical cellular functions including the response to genotoxic stress, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis, and has been shown to be mutated in a large proportion of human cancers. These observations led many to speculate that targeting the p53 pathway would result in the development of successful anti-cancer treatments. In spite of this, 30 years later, p53 has yet to fulfill this promise. However, new insights into small molecule combination therapies, microRNA regulation, structuring of clinical trials, and potential involvement in stem cell regulation may help p53 reach its potential.

from Nikolas Desilet, Tessa N. Campbell and Francis Y.M. Choy in Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Further reading: p53-based Anti-cancer Therapies: an Empty Promise?

HIV Tropism

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:45:00 +0000

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) have evolved from a reservoir of African non-human primate lentiviruses, the simian immunodeficiency viruses. In contrast to the epidemic nature of HIV-1 infections, HIV-2 is restricted in its worldwide distribution, with the lower viral loads established in asymptomatic infection a significant cause of its diminished transmission efficiency. HIV-2 is also much less pathogenic than HIV-1 and results in a reduced rate of progression to AIDS despite a substantial proviral burden. The majority of patients remain asymptomatic and die of causes unrelated to immunodeficiency.

The adoption of "accessory genes" by HIV-2 and its more promiscuous pattern of coreceptor usage (including CD4-independence) may assist the virus in its adaptation to avoid innate restriction factors present in host cells. Adaptation to use normal cellular machinery to enable transmission and productive infection has also aided the establishment of HIV-2 replication in humans. A survival strategy for any infectious agent is not to kill its host but ultimately become a commensal organism. Having achieved a low pathogenicity, over time, variants more successful at transmission will be selected.

from Lentiviruses and Macrophages: Molecular and Cellular Interactions

Population Genetics of Fungal Mutualists of Plants

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 11:57:00 +0000

Mutualisms are reciprocal exploitations that nonetheless increase the fitness of each interacting partner. Two groups of fungal mutualists of plants, epichloe endophytes of grasses and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, were selected as focal systems to discuss population-level processes that contribute to the establishment and maintenance of mutualistic interactions. These two classes of fungal cooperators of plants are subject to different and often conflicting selective pressures and represent distinct trajectories of mutualism evolution. Yet, in both cases population structure of symbionts is a source of information critical for understanding how these fungi interact with their hosts (Xu, 2010).

References:
Xu, J. (2010) Microbial Population Genetics. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK.

miRNAs in Mammalian Antiviral Immune Responses

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:52:00 +0000

Small RNA-directed silencing mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In plants, insects, nematodes and fungi RNA silencing mechanisms are also involved in innate antiviral defence responses.

To counter antiviral RNA silencing, viruses from plants, insects and fungi encode RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). Recent studies suggest that RNA silencing in mammals, or RNA interference (RNAi), is also involved in antiviral responses. In particular, there is increasing evidence that cellular regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) have a function in restricting virus replication in mammalian cells. Similar to plant and insect viruses, several mammalian viruses encode RSS factors that inhibit the RNAi mechanism. Several of these suppressors are multifunctional proteins that were previously shown to block innate antiviral immune responses involving the interferon (IFN) pathway.

Further reading:

RNA Silencing in Plants

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:50:00 +0000

The term RNA silencing refers to several pathways present in eukaryotic organisms that lead to the sequence specific elimination or functional blocking of RNAs with homology to double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that have previously triggered the mechanism.

Besides playing important roles in developmental control, RNA silencing forms part of the defence against viruses in plants, acting as a potent antiviral mechanism. To escape from the RNA silencing-based defence, most plant viruses make use of different strategies, the most common relying in the action of viral proteins with the capacity to suppress RNA silencing. The characterization of these viral suppressors is providing useful insights to understand how RNA silencing works, revealing components and steps in the silencing pathways.

Further reading:

RNAi as a Defense System

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:12:00 +0000

Multicellular organisms have evolved sophisticated defense systems to confer protection against pathogens. An important characteristic of these immune systems is their ability to act both locally at the site of infection and at distal uninfected locations. Insects rely on multiple immune responses to combat infection; one of them is RNA interference (RNAi).

Further reading:

RNAi

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:02:00 +0000

Since its discovery in 1998, RNA interference (RNAi) has heralded the advent of novel tools for biological research and drug discovery. This exciting new technology is emerging as a powerful modality for battling some of the most notoriously challenging viral clinical targets such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, several critical issues associated with this novel technology must be resolved before it can progress to testing in human clinical trials, and these have been the target of intensive research in recent years.

from:

everyVECTOR

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 12:53:00 +0000

everyVECTOR: An intuitive web-based collaborative vector editing tool.

Key features include:

Store your vectors in one place and access them from anywhere.
Publish your vectors online or share them with specific collaborators.
Work with elegant plasmid visualizations that you can paste directly into your papers or presentations.
Run restriction analysis to help your cloning needs.

Recommended reading: Molecular Biology Books

Room Temperature Nucleic Acid Storage

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 15:44:00 +0000

New nucleic acid stabilization technologies may allow for the storage of DNA and RNA at room temperature in a cost-effective, environmentally friendly manner. A recent study evaluates two novel products for room temperature DNA storage: Biomatrica's DNA SampleMatrix technology and GenVault's GenTegra DNA technology. The study compares the integrity and quality of DNA stored using these products against DNA stored in a freezer by performing downstream testing with short range PCR, long range PCR, DNA sequencing, and SNP microarrays. In addition, the investigators tested Biomatrica's RNAstable product for its ability to preserve RNA at room temperature for use in a quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay.

from Wan et al in Green Technologies for Room Temperature Nucleic Acid Storage

Further reading: Green Technologies for Room Temperature Nucleic Acid Storage

Aspergillus genomics

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 15:43:00 +0000

The parasexual cycle was discovered and then developed as a genetic system in Aspergillus nidulans (=Emericella nidulans) during the 1950s. Although discovered in a teleomorphic species, the parasexual soon became an important alternative to sex for doing genetics in anamorphic aspergilli. During the decades before recombinant DNA approaches became available, the parasexual cycle was exploited to recombine genetic markers in such economically important anamorphic species as A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger. During the 1950s and 1960s, fungal geneticists developed A. nidulans into a highly sophisticated model for genetics, joining Neurospora crassa as a premier system for providing elegant mechanistic insights on recombination and other aspects of eukaryotic biology. Carbon and nitrogen repression, pH regulation, polar growth, signal transduction, hyphal morphogenesis and the cell cycle were all fundamental research areas that were significantly advanced using A. nidulans as a model. To give but one example, gamma tubulin was discovered using blocked mitotic mutants of A. nidulans. Suggested reading: Mycology Publications

Some of the most interesting biochemistry carried out by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi has not been amenable to traditional genetic analysis. The elegant genetics available to model fungi such as Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa was not an option for the study of 'non-model' species such as A. flavus and A. oryzae, even with application of the parasexual cycle and recombinant DNA approaches. For this reason genomics promises a radical improvement for gaining a new level of understanding about the genetics and the theoretical protein coding genes of these anamorphic organisms. The genomic revolution has been brought about by improved methodologies for sequencing, generating libraries, annotation and so forth. After DNA sequencing, automated annotation uses bioinformatic gene finding programmes to locate the protein coding regions of genomes. These programmes work best when 'trained' on the appropriate genome. Automated annotation can provide a good first draft of the gene content and arrangement of a genome. Nevertheless, automatic annotation is notoriously imprecise and therefore must be subject to continuous revisions as more experimentally based information becomes available. After annotation, deduced genes can be classified as enzymes, receptors, transcription factors and so forth. Annotated genomes allow us to compare genes descended from the same ancestor across many different organisms. Sometimes this comparative genomic approach allows us to assign putative functions to unknown predicted genes. Suggested reading: Genomics and Molecular Biology

The simultaneous publication of three Aspergillus genome manuscripts in Nature in December 2005 established Aspergillus as the leading filamentous fungal genus for comparative genomic studies. Like most major genome projects, these Aspergillus efforts were collaborations between a large sequencing centre and the respective community of scientists. For example, the Institute for Genome Research (TIGR) worked with the Aspergillus fumigatus community. A. nidulans was sequenced at the Broad Institute. A. oryzae was sequenced in Japan at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The Joint Genome Institute ( JGI) of the Department of Energy has released sequence date for a citric acid-producing strain of A. niger. TIGR, now re-named the Venter Institute is currently spear-heading a project on the A. flavus genome.

Genome sizes for sequenced species of Aspergillus range from approximately 29.3 Mb for A. fumigatus to 37.1 Mb for A. oryzae while the numbers of predicted genes vary from approximately 9926 for A. fumigatus to approximately 12,071 for A. oryzae. The genome size of an enzyme producing strain of A. niger is of intermediate size at 33.9 Mb.

Aspergillus species are only one group among a large number of eukaryotes now catalogued in databanks. There are currently well over 100 fungal genome projects in various stages of completion. In addition to full-fledged genome projects, various EST (expressed sequence tag) projects identify expressed genes by sequencing cDNA copies of mRNA. This approach provides a 'poor man's' strategy for genomics and provides valuable information about the coding regions of a genome expressed under different environmental conditions. ESTs also guide later annotation of full genomes. Furthermore, DNA microarrays are available for an increasing number of Aspergillus genomes and their use allows targeted functional analyses.

Our expectations for genome projects have become higher than they were just a few years ago. It is no longer enough to determine the DNA sequence and catalogue the predicted genes. Now we hope to become genomic detectives using sequence similarities to find new enzymes, secondary metabolites and other biologically important gene products. There is a high expectation that such 'genomic mining' will uncover new natural products and other interesting discoveries.

Comparative genomics is a growing field in its own right. Using molecular sequence alignment, evolutionary relationships can be inferred. For example, one of the most salient finding coming out of the A. flavus genome project is its close sequence similarity and genomic architecture to that of A. oryzae genome. Since visible phenotype is a manifestation of many genes and pathways acting together, the high genomic identity merely confirms what taxonomists have known since they first described the A. flavus-oryzae group of yellow-green aspergilli. The morphological, physiological and genomic correspondence between the species is all the more remarkable because of their differing economic repercussions in human society. A. flavus produces aflatoxin and is a pan-kingdom pathogen capable of causing serious disease in plants, insects and vertebrates. A. oryzae is both non-toxigenic and non-pathogenic and is widely used in human food and beverage preparations.

DNA data permit us to make strong inferences about the comparative biology of these and other Aspergillus species so as to reconstruct possible scenarios for the evolution of mating types, secondary metabolite clusters, enzymes involved in biomass degradation and other important pathways. Comparative genomics data can be leveraged to characterize biosynthetic processes. Using micro arrays and proteomics technology, we can study expression levels. Together with advanced bioinformatics and data analysis tools, we are gaining new insights into the functional properties and activities of Aspergillus fungal genomes. However, many important questions remain unanswered. Large numbers of deduced genes still cannot be assigned to functional classes. Our ability to acquire genome-wide data has not enlightened us about the mechanics of pathogenicity and competitiveness, and at the broadest ecological level we are still a long way from understanding why some species are common whereas others are rare.

It is becoming clear that the 'easy' part of the research has been obtaining the DNA sequence. Interpreting these sequences and understanding the ways in which DNA sequences direct metabolism are much more complex undertakings than many molecular biologists predicted. Experimental characterization and functional analysis remain the rate limiting steps in translating genomics data into the drug discovery pipeline as well as for harnessing other aspects of Aspergillus metabolism. Nevertheless, opportunities for exploiting genomic data are already apparent. New ways to connect traditional biology, gene function and evolution are on the horizon. Aspergillus species remain resilient models for studying basic questions in eukaryotic biology. Undoubtedly, Aspergillus genomics will enlighten fundamental insights into cell biology as well as have important implications for agriculture, industry and medicine. Suggested reading: Aspergillus: Molecular Biology and Genomics

Adapted from An Overview of the Genus Aspergillus by Joan W. Bennett writing in Aspergillus: Molecular Biology and Genomics

Further reading

The Use of Microarrays in Microbial Ecology

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 15:25:00 +0000

Microarrays have proven to be a useful and high-throughput method to provide targeted DNA sequence information for up to many thousands of specific genetic regions in a single test. A microarray consists of multiple DNA oligonucleotide probes that, under high stringency conditions, hybridize only to specific complementary nucleic acid sequences (targets). A fluorescent signal indicates the presence and, in many cases, the abundance of genetic regions of interest.

Microarrays are used in microbial ecology, especially with the recent increase in microbial community DNA sequence data. Of particular interest to microbial ecologists, phylogenetic microarrays are used for the analysis of phylotypes in a community and functional gene arrays are used for the analysis of functional genes, and, by inference, phylotypes in environmental samples. See also: Metagenomics: Theory, Methods and Applications

A phylogenetic microarray that has been developed by the Andersen laboratory, the PhyloChip, is an example of a microarray that targets the known diversity within the 16S rRNA gene to determine microbial community composition. Using multiple, confirmatory probes to increase the confidence of detection and a mismatch probe for every perfect match probe to minimize the effect of cross-hybridization by non-target regions, the PhyloChip is able to simultaneously identify any of thousands of taxa present in an environmental sample. The PhyloChip is shown to reveal greater diversity within a community than rRNA gene sequencing due to the placement of the entire gene product on the microarray compared with the analysis of up to thousands of individual molecules by traditional sequencing methods.

A functional gene array that has been developed by the Zhou laboratory, the GeoChip, is an example of a microarray that dynamically identifies functional activities of multiple members within a community. The recent version of GeoChip contains more than 24,000 50mer oligonucleotide probes and covers more than 10,000 gene sequences in 150 gene categories involved in carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycling, metal resistance and reduction, and organic contaminant degradation. GeoChip can be used as a generic tool for microbial community analysis, and also link microbial community structure to ecosystem functioning.

from Gary L. Andersen in Environmental Molecular Microbiology

Further reading:

Epigenetics update

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 10:05:00 +0000

Epigenetics
"This volume is an excellent collection of advanced review papers on different aspects of the emerging research field of epigenetics ... the specific attraction of this volume is its comprehensive coverage of a complex and newly evolving research domain in light of different established disciplines that are currently investigating hitherto-unknown novel aspects of epigenetics in the context of their specific fields ... will serve as an essential primer for anyone interested in the dynamic evolution of epigenetics research ... One of the greatest strengths of this edited work is the variety of researchers contributing to the dynamics of the work's comprehensive nature ... an excellent resource on general aspects of epigenetics. It will quite effectively cater to the needs of molecular biologists, molecular geneticists, cell and molecular biologists, animal, plant, and crop geneticists, synthetic biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers involved with the fields of stem cell and molecular aspects of cancer research." from S.K. Basu and A. Goyal, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada writing in Crop Science (2009) 49: 1937-1938 read more ...

New book catalogue

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Mon, 24 Aug 2009 14:48:00 +0000

Caister Academic Press have today released their latest book catalogue. Caister Academic Press is one of the leading publishers of advanced texts in virology, microbiology and molecular biology. Publications focus on topical areas and encompass the latest scientific advances and current research. The specialist editors and authors are internationally renowned scientists and leaders in their fields of expertise ensuring that the books are authoritative and up to date.

Caister Academic Press books are a major resource for research scientists, graduate students and other specialists.

Download PDF at: 2010 Book Catalogue

qPCR book

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Thu, 13 Aug 2009 08:20:00 +0000

Real-Time PCR: Current Technology and Applications is "a useful compendium of basic and advanced applications for laboratory scientists. It is an ideal introductory textbook and will serve as a practical handbook in laboratories where the technology is employed."

from Christopher J. McIver, Microbiology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales, Australia in Australian J. Med. Sci. 2009. 30(2): 59-60

Further reading: Real-Time PCR: Current Technology and Applications

Microbial Population Genetics

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Wed, 15 Jul 2009 15:32:00 +0000

Microbial Population Genetics
Major current advances in microbial population genetics and genomics. Fundamental concepts, genetic tools and comprehensive reviews of recent data from SNP surveys, whole-genome DNA sequences and microarray hybridizations. Covers broad groups of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa and algae. A major focus is the application of molecular tools in the study of genetic variation. Topics include microbial systematics, comparative microbial genomics, horizontal gene transfer, pathogenic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, fungi, malaria parasites, viral pathogens and metagenomics.

Further reading: Microbial Population Genetics

RT-PCR book review

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Mon, 22 Jun 2009 16:26:00 +0000

"This volume should be of utmost interest to all investigators interested and involved in using RT-PCR ... the RT-PCR protocols covered in this book will be of interest to most, if not all, investigators engaged in research that uses this important technique ... a well balanced book covering the many potential uses of real-time PCR ... valuable for all those interested in RT-PCR." ... read more

from Doodys reviews 2009

Further reading: Real-Time PCR: Current Technology and Applications

DNA microarrays

noreply@blogger.com (Blog owner) — Tue, 16 Jun 2009 10:06:00 +0000

DNA microarray is a multiplex technology used in molecular biology, medicine and bioscience. A microarray an arrayed series of thousands of microscopic spots of DNA on a small piece of glass or silicon. These are commonly known as gene chips, biochips or "lab on a chip".

A new two-volume book "Lab-on-a-Chip Technology" was published recently. The book describes the recent innovations in the microarray field and the applications in the fields of medicine, molecular biology, biotechnology and bioscience.

Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Biomolecular Separation and Analysis ISBN: 978-1-904455-47-9
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Fabrication and Microfluidics ISBN: 978-1-904455-46-2

CURRENT BOOKS OF INTEREST
Metagenomics: Theory, Methods and Applications
Aspergillus: Molecular Biology and Genomics
Environmental Molecular Microbiology
Neisseria: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis
Frontiers in Dengue Virus Research
ABC Transporters in Microorganisms
Pili and Flagella
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Biomolecular Separation and Analysis
Lab-on-a-Chip Technology: Fabrication and Microfluidics
Bacterial Polysaccharides
Microbial Toxins
Acanthamoeba
Bacterial Secreted Proteins
Lactobacillus
Mycobacterium
Real-Time PCR
Clostridia
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
Biopolymers
Plasmids
Pasteurellaceae
Vibrio cholerae
Pathogenic Fungi
Helicobacter pylori
Corynebacteria
Staphylococcus
Leishmania
Archaea
Legionella
RNA and the Regulation of Gene Expression
Molecular Oral Microbiology