Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology refers to the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm). This emerging technology has many applications applications including applications in microbiology and water treatment.
Nanotechnology offers the potential of novel nanomaterials (nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents, nanocatalysts and bioactive nanoparticles) for the treatment of surface water, groundwater and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes and microorganisms. At the present time many nanomaterials are under active research and development for this purpose.
Further reading: Nanotechnology in Water Treatment Applications